Akademien. edu - Share research

etwa 500~20000

474

Allein machtlos. Hoffnungsloses Glück heftig

1

18.65.3.75

Academia.edu-FindResearchPapers,Topics,Researcherswindow.performance&&window.performance.measure&&window.performance.measure("TimeToFirstByte","requestStart","responseStart");(function(){if(!window.URLSearchParams||!window.history||!window.history.replaceState){return;}varsearchParams=newURLSearchParams(window.location.search);varparamsToDelete=['fs','sm','swp','iid','nbs','rcc',//relatedcontentcategory'rcpos',//relatedcontentcarouselposition'rcpg',//relatedcarouselpe'rchid',//relatedcontenthitid'f_ri',//researchinterestid,forSEOtracking'f_fri',//featuredresearchinterest,forSEOtracking(paramkeywithoutvalue)'f_rid',//fromresearchinterestdirectoryforSEOtracking'f_loswp',//fromresearchinterestpillsonLOSWPsidebarforSEOtracking'rhid',//referrringhitid];if(paramsToDelete.every((key)=>searchParams.get(key)===null)){return;}paramsToDelete.forEach((key)=>{searchParams.delete(key);});varcleanUrl=newURL(window.location.href);cleanUrl.search=searchParams.toString();history.replaceState({},,cleanUrl);})();window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];functiongt(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gt('js',newDate());gt('config','G-5VKX33P2DS',{cookie_domain:'academia.edu',send_pe_view:false,});gt('event','pe_view',{'controller':"home",'action':"show",'controller_action':'home#show','logged_in':'false','edge':'unknown',//SendnilifthereisnoA/Btestbucket,incasesomerecordsgetlogged//withmissingdata-thatwaywecandistinguishbetweenthetwocases.//ab_test_bucketshouldbeoftheform:'ab_test_bucket':null,})window.sendUserTiming=function(timingName){if(!(window.performance&&window.performance.measure))return;varentries=window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName,"measure");if(entries.length!==1)return;vartimingValue=Math.round(entries[0].duration);gt('event','timing_complete',{name:timingName,value:timingValue,event_category:'User-centric',});};window.sendUserTiming("TimeToFirstByte");{"@context":"schema.org","@type":"WebSite","url":"/","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"/search?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"requiredname=search_term_string"}}var$controller_name='home';var$action_name="show";var$rails_env='production';var$app_rev='07f48cac559b104a6a33e9bb27fefae0ba3';var$domain='academia.edu';var$app_host="academia.edu";var$asset_host="academia-assets.com";var$start_time=newDate().getTime();var$recaptcha_key="6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB";var$recaptcha_invisible_key="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj";window.Aedu={hit_data:null};window.Aedu.SiteStats={"premium_universities_count":,"monthly_visitors":"104million","monthly_visitor_count":5,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":104,"user_count":1,"paper_count":,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"pe_count":0,"pe_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":,"pdf_count_in_millions":16};window.Aedu.serverRenderTime=newDate(00);window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1=false;window.Aedu.enableLocalization=true;window.Aedu.activateFullstory=false;window.Aedu.serviceailability={status:{"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"},serviceEnabled:function(service){returnthis.status[service]==="on";},readEnabled:function(service){returnthis.serviceEnabled(service)||this.status[service]==="read_only";},};window.Aedu.viewApmTrace=function(){//Checkifx-apm-trace-idmetatisset,andopenthetraceinAPM//inanewwindowifitis.varapmTraceId=document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]');if(apmTraceId){vartraceId=apmTraceId.content;//UsetraceIDtoconstructURL,anexampleURLlookslike://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%4varapmUrl='app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A'+traceId;window.open(apmUrl,'_blank');}};jade=window.jade||{};jade.helpers=window.$h;jade._=window._;(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':newDate().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});varf=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');window.gptadslots=[];window.googlet=window.googlet||{};window.googlet.cmd=window.googlet.cmd||[];//TODO(jacob):Thisshouldbedefined,mayberareloadorderproblem.//Checkingifnullisjustaquickfix,willdefaulttoenifunset.//BetterfixistorunthisimmedietelyafterI18nisset.if(window.I18n!=null){I18n.defaultLocale="en";I18n.locale="en";I18n.fallbacks=true;}window.fbAsyncInit=function(){FB.init({appId:"04",version:"v8.0",status:true,cookie:true,xfbml:true});//Additionalinitializationcode.if(window.InitFacebook){//facebook.tsalreadyloaded,setitup.window.InitFacebook();}else{//Setaflforfacebook.tstofindwhenitloads.window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook=true;}};window.fbAsyncLoad=function(){//Protectionainstdoublecallingofthisfunctionif(window.FB){return;}(function(d,s,id){varjs,fjs=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0];if(d.getElementById(id)){return;}js=d.createElement(s)Akademien. edu - Share research;js.id=id;js.src="//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}(document,'script','facebook-jssdk'));}if(!window.defer_facebook){//Autoloadifnotdeferredwindow.fbAsyncLoad();}else{//Deferloadingby5secondssetTimeout(function(){window.fbAsyncLoad();},5000);}window.loadGoogle=function(){if(window.InitGoogle){//google.tsalreadyloaded,setitup.window.InitGoogle("0334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b");}else{//Setaflforgoogle.tstousewhenitloads.window.GoogleClientID="0334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b";}};window.googleAsyncLoad=function(){//Protectionainstdoublecallingofthisfunction(function(d){varjs;varid='google-jssdk';varref=d.getElementsByTName('script')[Akademien. edu - Share research0];if(d.getElementById(id)){return;}js=d.createElement('script');js.id=id;js.async=true;js.onload=loadGoogle;js.src="accounts.google.com/gsi/client"ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js,ref);}(document));}if(!window.defer_google){//Autoloadifnotdeferredwindow.googleAsyncLoad();}else{//Deferloadingby5secondssetTimeout(function(){window.googleAsyncLoad();},5000);}window.addEventListener('load',function(){if(document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')){document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click',function(){gt('event','click',{event_category:'button',event_label:'LogIn'})})}});var_comscore=_comscore||[];_comscore.push({c1:"2",c2:""});(function(){vars=document.createElement("script"),el=document.getElementsByTName("script")[0];s.async=true;s.src=(document.location.protocol==":"?"sb":"httpb")+".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js";el.parentNode.insertBefore(s,el);})();SkiptomaincontentAcademia.edunolongersupportsInternetExplorer.TobrowseAcademia.eduandthewiderinternetfasterandmoresecurely,pleasetakeafewsecondsto upgradeyourbrowser.//ShowthisbannerforallversionsofIEif(!!window.MSInputMethodContext||/(MSIE)/.test(nigator.userent)){document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display='block';}LogInSignUpLogInSignUpmoreAboutPressBlogPapersTermsPrivacyWe39;reHiring!HelpCenterlessSignUpLoginDownload55millionPDFsforfreeSignUpRegisteredUsers272m+UploadedPapers55m+DailyRecommendations20mExploreourtopresearchinterestsBrowseAllTopicsHistory10.4MFollowers823KPapers354KAuthorsMedievalHistory92.8KpapersAncientHistory88.5KpapersCulturalHistory60.2KpapersEarlyModernHistory49.3KpapersUrbanHistory25.7KpapersRomanHistory35.3KpapersAncientGreekHistory26.8KpapersMilitaryHistory34.8KpapersEngineering2.91MFollowers3.72MPapers1.23MAuthorsElectricalAndElectronicEngineering907KpapersMechanicalEngineering872KpapersMaterialsEngineering779KpapersChemicalEngineering728KpapersBiomedicalEngineering484KpapersCivilEngineering503KpapersEnvironmentalEngineering219KpapersManufacturingEngineering124KpapersEconomics5.11MFollowers999KPapers358KAuthorsAppliedEconomics387KpapersEconometrics120KpapersEconomicDevelopment49.8KpapersDevelopmentEconomics47.3KpapersEconomicHistory46.8KpapersriculturalEconomics35.3KpapersMacroeconomics22.3KpapersEconomicpolicy19.1KpapersPsychology4.45MFollowers3.54MPapers1.09MAuthorsSocialPsychology131KpapersClinicalPsychology99.2KpapersCognitivePsychology67.6KpapersDevelopmentalPsychology81.5KpapersEducationalPsychology33.5KpapersHealthPsychology28.8KpapersChildPsychology6.53KpapersAbnormalPsychology5.38KpapersPhysics2.81MFollowers1.86MPapers675KAuthorsQuantumPhysics265KpapersCondensedMatterPhysics474KpapersHighEnergyPhysics49.1KpapersAstrophysics103KpapersParticlePhysics76KpapersMolecularPhysics11.1KpapersAerodynamics20.2KpapersNuclearPhysics55.8KpapersAnthropology3.37MFollowers278KPapers110KAuthorsSocialandCulturalAnthropology52.3KpapersMedicalAnthropology15.5KpapersAnthropologyofReligion21.9KpapersForensicAnthropology8.96KpapersVisualAnthropology8.72KpapersLinguisticAnthropology8.78KpapersPhysicalAnthropology7.76KpapersPoliticalAnthropology7KpapersPhilosophy7.47MFollowers1.25MPapers509KAuthorsEthics99KpapersMedicalEthics26.7KpapersPoliticalPhilosophy61.6KpapersPhilosophyOfReligion26.2KpapersBioethics29.4KpapersPhilosophyOfLangue19.4KpapersMoralPhilosophy15.4KpapersPhilosophyofScience45.4KpapersChemistry1.96MFollowers3.17MPapers839KAuthorsAnalyticalChemAkademien. edu - Share researchistry466KpapersInorganicChemistry374KpapersElectrochemistry89.8KpapersMaterialsChemistry41.1KpapersPhysicalChemistry35.4KpapersGeochemistry307KpapersChemicalSynthesis32.3KpapersQuantumChemistry16.1KpapersEarthSciences257KFollowers351KPapers132KAuthorsEnvironmentalScience1.15MpapersGeology1.25MpapersClimateChange280KpapersOceanography171KpapersAtmosphericsciences178KpapersEnvironmentalSustainability94.8KpapersHydrology45.9KpapersEnvironmentalPollution39.8KpapersComputerScience6.08MFollowers4.34MPapers1.23MAuthorsMachineLearning158KpapersComputationalComplexity20.1KpapersCryptography33.3KpapersProgrammingLangues14.6KpapersLogicProgramming4.58KpapersFunctionalProgramming3.69KpapersNaturalLangueProcessing78KpapersArtificialIntelligence520KpapersMathematics1.98MFollowers1.26MPapers450KAuthorsStatistics235KpapersNumericalAnalysis49.5KpapersGameTheory33KpapersCombinatorics50KpapersAlgebraicGeometry8.21KpapersLinearAlgebra8.04KpapersAlgebraicTopology834papersAppliedMathematics506KpapersLiterature2.2MFollowers136KPapers72.9KAuthorsComparativeLiterature35.6KpapersAmericanLiterature18.4KpapersLiteraryTheory23.4KpapersEnglishLiterature31.4KpapersLiteraryCriticism21KpapersMedievalLiterature16.2KpapersPostcolonialLiterature7.21KpapersContemporaryLiterature8.55KpapersLaw47.6KFollowers331KPapers146KAuthorsHumanRights115KpapersInternationalLaw61.1KpapersCriminalJustice33.4KpapersConstitutionalLaw43.9KpapersCriminalLaw38.2KpapersLegalHistory20.5KpapersLegalTheory12.4KpapersEnvironmentalLaw12.4KpapersHealthSciences650KFollowers62.3KPapers37.8KAuthorsEmergencyMedicine45KpapersPublicHealth344KpapersCardiology304KpapersNeurology98.4KpapersInfectiousDiseases107KpapersInternalMedicine904KpapersClinicalAllergyandImmunology34.1KpapersMedicine11.4MpapersBiology2.31MFollowers4.07MPapers962KAuthorsMicrobiology718KpapersPlantBiology550KpapersEvolutionaryBiology336KpapersMolecularBiology225KpapersBiochemistry275KpapersBioinformatics143KpapersBiodiversity139KpapersCellBiology282KpapersTheology502KFollowers98.3KPapers45.4KAuthorsReligiousStudies58.2KpapersBiblicalTheology14KpapersSystematicTheology9.54KpapersHistoryofReligion22.2KpapersCatholicTheology6.25KpapersAncientmythandreligion5.52KpapersMedievalTheology2.76KpapersComparativeReligion9.35KpapersShowmoredocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',()=>{constshowMoreButton=document.getElementById('js-show-more-interests-button');if(!showMoreButton){return;}showMoreButton.addEventListener('click',()=>{constinterestsLists=document.getElementById('js-research-interest-section-list-container');if(interestsLists){interestsLists.classList.remove('hide-overflow-interests');}showMoreButton.classList.add('hidden');});});Join 272millionacademicsandresearchersTrackyourimpactShareyourworkwithotheracademics,growyouraudienceandtrackyourimpactonyourfieldwithourrobustanalyticsTrackyourimpactDiscovernewresearchGetaccesstomillionsofresearchpapersandstayinformedwiththeimportanttopicsaroundtheworldDiscovernewresearchPublishyourworkPublishyourresearchwithfastandrigorousservicethroughAcademia.eduJournals.GetinstantworldwidedisseminationofyourworkPublishyourworkUnlockthemostpowerfultoolswithAcademiaPremiumSignUpandUpgradetoPremiumWorkfasterandsmarterwithadvancedresearchdiscoverytoolsSearchthefulltextandcitationsofourmillionsofpapers.Downloadgroupsofrelatedpaperstojumpstartyourresearch.Setimewithdetailedsummariesandsearchalerts.AdvancedSearchPDFPackesof 37papersSummariesandSearchAlertsShareyourwork,trackyourimpact,andgrowyouraudienceGetnotifiedwhenotheracademicsmentionyouorciteyourpapers.Trackyourimpactwithin-depthanalyticsandnetworkwithmembersofyourfield.MentionsandCitationsTrackingAdvancedAnalyticsPublishingToolsRealstoriesfromrealpeopleResearcherAlisdairUniversityofHighlandsandIslands“Igothroughallthearticlesinthebulkdownload,setheonesthatareclearlygoingtobeusefulanddiscardtheremainder.ThissesloadsoftimebutalsopointsmeindirectionsImightnototherwisehethoughtoflooking.”ResearcherTrevorUniversityofSydney“ThebulkdownloadsgivemethechancetoreadmorerelatedarticlesaswellasseeingwhatresearchiscitingthearticleIamlookingat.Italsohelpsmerapidlyexpandmypersonaldigitallibraryofreferences.”ResearcherTrevorUniversityofSydney“ThebulkdownloadsgivemethechancetoreadmorerelatedarticlesaswellasseeingwhatresearchiscitingthearticleIamlookingat.Italsohelpsmerapidlyexpandmypersonaldigitallibraryofreferences.”ResearcherPaulElectricalEngineer“BulkdownloadprovidesmelimitlessopportunitiestoaccessbooksandresearchmaterialswhichIcannotordinarilyaccess.”ResearcherSteveClinicalPsychologist“ThevalueofBulkDownloadisinprovidingafairlycomprehensiveoverviewofalmostanytopicwithinAcademia.”ResearcherWojtekUniversityofBusinessandAdministrationinGdynia“BulkDownloadhelpsmegetpapersfromyoungerscholars.Italsosurfacesteachingtextsthatassistinthedevelopmentofmyownhand-outmaterialsformystudents.”Usedbyacademicsatover 15,000universitiesGetstartedandfindthebestqualityresearchSignUpAboutPressBlogPapersTopicsAcademia.eduJournals We'reHiring! HelpCenterFindnewresearchpapersin:PhysicsChemistryBiologyHealthSciencesEcologyEarthSciencesCognitiveScienceMathematicsComputerScienceTermsPrivacyAcademia©2024//AboutPressWe'reHiring!Helpif(window.performance&&window.performance.measure){window.performance.mark("FMP");window.performance.measure("TimeToFirstMeaningfulPaint","requestStart","FMP");window.sendUserTiming("TimeToFirstMeaningfulPaint");}functiononGoogleOneTapEvent(event){varmomentType=event.getMomentType();varmomentReason=null;if(event.isNotDisplayed()){momentReason=event.getNotDisplayedReason();}elseif(event.isSkippedMoment()){momentReason=event.getSkippedReason();}elseif(event.isDismissedMoment()){momentReason=event.getDismissedReason();}Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent',{moment_type:momentType,moment_reason:momentReason,});}document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){var$dismissible=$(".dismissible_banner");$dismissible.click(function(ev){$dismissible.hide();});});