Akademien. edu - Share research

etwa 500~20000

62

Allein machtlos. Hoffnungsloses Glück heftig

1

18.65.3.111

Academia.edu-FindResearchPapers,Topics,Researcherswindow.performance&&window.performance.measure&&window.performance.measure("TimeToFirstByte","requestStart","responseStart");(function(){if(!window.URLSearchParams||!window.history||!window.history.replaceState){return;}varsearchParams=newURLSearchParams(window.location.search);varparamsToDelete=['fs','sm','swp','iid','nbs','rcc',//relatedcontentcategory'rcpos',//relatedcontentcarouselposition'rcpg',//relatedcarouselpe'rchid',//relatedcontenthitid'f_ri',//researchinterestid,forSEOtracking'f_fri',//featuredresearchinterest,forSEOtracking(paramkeywithoutvalue)'f_rid',//fromresearchinterestdirectoryforSEOtracking'f_loswp',//fromresearchinterestpillsonLOSWPsidebarforSEOtracking'rhid',//referrringhitid];if(paramsToDelete.every((key)=>searchParams.get(key)===null)){return;}paramsToDelete.forEach((key)=>{searchParams.delete(key);});varcleanUrl=newURL(window.location.href);cleanUrl.search=searchParams.toString();history.replaceState({},,cleanUrl);})()Akademien. edu - Share research;window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];functiongt(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gt('js',newDate());gt('config','G-5VKX33P2DS',{cookie_domain:'academia.edu',send_pe_view:false,});gt('event','pe_view',{'controller':"home",'action':"show",'controller_action':'home#show','logged_in':'false','edge':'unknown',//SendnilifthereisnoA/Btestbucket,incasesomerecordsgetlogged//withmissingdata-thatwaywecandistinguishbetweenthetwocases.//ab_test_bucketshouldbeoftheform:'ab_test_bucket':null,})window.sendUserTiming=function(timingName){if(!(window.performance&&window.performance.measure))return;varentries=window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName,"measure");if(entries.length!==1)return;vartimingValue=Math.round(entries[0].duration);gt('event','timing_complete',{name:timingName,value:timingValue,event_category:'User-centric',});};window.sendUserTiming("TimeToFirstByte");{"@context":"schema.org","@type":"WebSite","url":"/","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"/search?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"requiredname=search_term_string"}}var$controller_name='home';var$action_name="show";var$rails_env='production';var$app_rev='aaba8d829b89adf693fd581c38e6fc';var$domain='academia.edu';var$app_host="academia.edu";var$asset_host="academia-assets.com";var$start_time=newDate().getTime();var$recaptcha_key="6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB";var$recaptcha_invisible_key="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj";window.Aedu={hit_data:null};window.Aedu.SiteStats={"premium_universities_count":,"monthly_visitors":"100million","monthly_visitor_count":0,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":100,"user_count":1,"paper_count":,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"pe_count":0,"pe_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":,"pdf_count_in_millions":16};window.Aedu.serverRenderTime=newDate(00);window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1=false;window.Aedu.enableLocalization=true;window.Aedu.activateFullstory=false;window.Aedu.serviceailability={status:{"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"},serviceEnabled:function(service){returnthis.status[service]==="on";},readEnabled:function(service){returnthis.serviceEnabled(service)||this.status[service]==="read_only";},};window.Aedu.viewApmTrace=function(){//Checkifx-apm-trace-idmetatisset,andopenthetraceinAPM//inanewwindowifitis.varapmTraceId=document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]');if(apmTraceId){vartraceId=apmTraceId.content;//UsetraceIDtoconstructURL,anexampleURLlookslike://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%4varapmUrl='app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A'+traceId;window.open(apmUrl,'_blank');}};jade=window.jade||{};jade.helpers=window.$h;jade._=window._;(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':newDate().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});varf=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');window.gptadslots=[];window.googlet=window.googlet||{};window.googlet.cmd=window.googlet.cmd||[];//TODO(jacob):Thisshouldbedefined,mayberareloadorderproblem.//Checkingifnullisjustaquickfix,willdefaulttoenifunset.//BetterfixistorunthisimmedietelyafterI18nisset.if(window.I18n!=null){I18n.defaultLocale="en";I18n.locale="en";I18n.fallbacks=true;}window.fbAsyncInit=function(){FB.init({appId:"04",version:"v8.0",status:true,cooAkademien. edu - Share researchkie:true,xfbml:true});//Additionalinitializationcode.if(window.InitFacebook){//facebook.tsalreadyloaded,setitup.window.InitFacebook();}else{//Setaflforfacebook.tstofindwhenitloads.window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook=true;}};window.fbAsyncLoad=function(){//Protectionainstdoublecallingofthisfunctionif(window.FB){return;}(function(d,s,id){varjs,fjs=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0];if(d.getElementById(id)){return;}js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}(document,'script','facebook-jssdk'));}if(!window.defer_facebook){//Autoloadifnotdeferredwindow.fbAsyncLoad();}else{//Deferloadingby5secondssetTimeout(function(){window.fbAsyncLoad();},5000);}window.loadGoogle=function(){if(window.InitGoogle){//google.tsalreadyloaded,setitup.window.InitGoogle("0334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b");}else{//Setaflforgoogle.tstousewhenitloads.window.GoogleClientID="0334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b";}};window.googleAsyncLoad=function(){//Protectionainstdoublecallingofthisfunction(function(d){varjs;varid='google-jssdk';varref=d.getElementsByTName('script')[0];if(d.getElementById(id)){return;}js=d.createElement('script');js.id=id;js.async=true;js.onload=loadGoogle;js.src="accounts.google.com/gsi/client"ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js,ref);}(document));}if(!window.defer_google){//Autoloadifnotdeferredwindow.googleAsyncLoad();}else{//Deferloadingby5secondssetTimeout(function(){window.googleAsyncLoad();},5000);}window.addEventListener('load',function(){if(document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')){document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click',function(){gt('event','click',{event_category:'button',event_label:'LogIn'})})}});var_comscore=_comscore||[];_comscore.push({c1:"2",c2:""});(function(){vars=document.createElement("script"),el=document.getElementsByTName("script")[0];s.async=true;s.src=(document.location.protocol==":"?"sb":"httpb")+".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js";el.parentNode.insertBefore(s,el);})();SkiptomaincontentAcademia.edunolongersupportsInternetExplorer.TobrowseAcademia.eduandthewiderinternetfasterandmoresecurely,pleasetakeafewsecondsto upgradeyourbrowser.//ShowthisbannerforallversionsofIEif(!!window.MSInputMethodContext||/(MSIE)/.test(nigator.userent)){document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display='block';}LogInSignUpLogInSignUpmoreAboutPressBlogPapersTermsPrivacyWe39;reHiring!HelpCenterlessSignUpLoginDownload55millionPDFsforfreeSignUpRegisteredUsers272m+UploadedPapers55m+DailyRecommendations20mExploreourtopresearchinterestsBrowseAllTopicsHistory10.4MFollowers821KPapers353KAuthorsMedievalHistory92.7KpapersAncientHistory88.3KpapersCulturalHistory60.2KpapersEarlyModernHistory49.2KpapersUrbanHistory25.7KpapersRomanHistory35.3KpapersAncientGreekHistory26.8KpapersMilitaryHistory34.7KpapersEngineering2.91MFollowers3.72MPapers1.22MAuthorsElectricalAndElectronicEngineering906KpapersMechanicalEngineering870KpapersMaterialsEngineering778KpapersChemicalEngineering727KpapersBiomedicalEngineering484KpapersCivilEngineering503KpapersEnvironmentalEngineering219KpapersManufacturingEngineering124KpapersEconomics5.11MFollowers996KPapers357KAuthorsAppliedEconomics387KpapersEconometrics119KpapersEconomicDevelopment49.8KpapersDevelopmentEconomics47.2KpapersEconomicHistory46.8KpapersriculturalEconomics35.2KpapersMacroeconomics22.1KpapersEconomicpolicy19.1KpapersPsychology4.44MFollowers3.54MPapers1.09MAuthorsSocialPsychology130KpapersClinicalPsychology98.8KpapersCognitivePsychology67.4KpapersDevelopmentalPsychology81.2KpapersEducationalPsychology33.4KpapersHealthPsychology28.7KpapersChildPsychology6.52KpapersAbnormalPsychology5.38KpapersPhysics2.81MFollowers1.85MPapers673KAuthorsQuantumPhysics265KpapersCondensedMatterPhysics473KpapersHighEnergyPhysics49.1KpapersAstrophysics103KpapersParticlePhysics76KpapersMolecularPhysics11.1KpapersAerodynamics20.2KpapersNuclearPhysics55.6KpapersAnthropology3.37MFollowers278KPapers109KAuthorsSocialandCulturalAnthropology52.3KpapersMedicalAnthropology15.5KpapersAnthropologyofReligion21.9KpapersForensicAnthropology8.95KpapersVisualAnthropology8.71KpapersLinguisticAnthropology8.77KpapersPhysicalAnthropology7.75KpapersPoliticalAnthropology7KpapersPhilosophy7.46MFollowers1.24MPapers507KAuthorsEthics98.9KpapersMedicalEthics26.7KpapersPoliticalPhilosophy61.6KpapersPhilosophyOfReligion26.2KpapersBioethics29.4KpapersPhilosophyOfLangue19.4KpapersMoralPhilosophy15.4KpapersPhilosophyofScience45.3KpapersChemistry1.95MFollowers3.16MPapers837KAuthorsAnalyticalChemistry466KpapersInorganicChemistry374KpapersElectrochemistry89.6KpapersMaterialsChemistry41.1KpapersPhysicalChemistry35.3KpapersGeochemistry307KpapersChemicalSynthesis32.3KpapersQuantumChemistry16.1KpapersEarthSciences257KFollowers351KPapers132KAuthorsEnvironmentalScience1.15MpapersGeology1.25MpapersClimateChange279KpapersOceanography171KpapersAtmosphericsciences178KpapersEnvironmentalSustainability94.7KpapersHydrology45.8KpapersEnvironmentalPollution39.8KpapersComputerScience6.07MFollowers4.32MPapers1.22MAuthorsMachineLearning157KpapersComputationalComplexity20.1KpapersCryptography33.2KpapersProgrammingLangues14.6KpapersLogicProgramming4.57KpapersFunctionalProgramming3.69KpapersNaturalLangueProcessing77.8KpapersArtificialIntelligence518KpapersMathematics1.97MFollowers1.26MPapers449KAuthorsStatistics234KpapersNumericalAnalysis49.5KpapersGameTheory33KpapersCombinatorics49.8KpapersAlgebraicGeometry8.21KpapersLinearAlgebra8.03KpapersAlgebraicTopology834papersAppliedMathematics505KpapersLiterature2.2MFollowers136KPapers72.7KAuthorsComparativeLiterature35.6KpapersAmericanLiterature18.4KpapersLiteraryTheory23.4KpapersEnglishLiterature31.3KpapersLiteraryCriticism21KpapersMedievalLiterature16.2KpapersPostcolonialLiterature7.2KpapersContemporaryLiterature8.55KpapersLaw47.6KFollowers329KPapers145KAuthorsHumanRights115KpapersInternationalLaw61KpapersCriminalJustice33.4KpapersConstitutionalLaw43.9KpapersCriminalLaw38.2KpapersLegalHistory20.4KpapersLegalTheory12.4KpapersEnvironmentalLaw12.4KpapersHealthSciences649KFollowers62.2KPapers37.8KAuthorsEmergencyMedicine44.8KpapersPublicHealth343KpapersCardiology303KpapersNeurology98.3KpapersInfectiousDiseases107KpapersInternalMedicine900KpapersClinicalAllergyandImmunology34KpapersMedicine11.4MpapersBiology2.3MFollowers4.05MPapers960KAuthorsMicrobiology717KpapersPlantBiology549KpapersEvolutionaryBiology336KpapersMolecularBiology225KpapersBiochemistry274KpapersBioinformatics142KpapersBiodiversity139KpapersCellBiology281KpapersTheology502KFollowers98KPapers45.2KAuthorsReligiousStudies58.2KpapersBiblicalTheology14KpapersSystematicTheology9.53KpapersHistoryofReligion22.2KpapersCatholicTheology6.24KpapersAncientmythandreligion5.52KpapersMedievalTheology2.76KpapersComparativeReligion9.35KpapersShowmoredocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',()=>{constshowMoreButton=document.getElementById('js-show-more-interests-button');if(!showMoreButton){return;}showMoreButton.addEventListener('click',()=>{constinterestsLists=document.getElementById('js-research-interest-section-list-container');if(interestsLists){interestsLists.classList.remove('hide-overflow-interests');}showMoreButton.classList.add('hidden');});});Join 272millionacademicsandresearchersTrackyourimpactShareyourworkwithotheracademics,growyouraudienceandtrackyourimpactonyourfieldwithourrobustanalyticsTrackyourimpactDiscovernewresearchGetaccesstomillionsofresearchpapersandstayinformedwiththeimportanttopicsaroundtheworldDiscovernewresearchPublishyourworkPublishyourresearchwithfastandrigorousservicethroughAcademia.eduJournals.GetinstantworldwidedisseminationofyourworkPublishyourworkUnlockthemostpowerfultoolswithAcademiaPremiumSignUpandUpgradetoPremiumWorkfasterandsmarterwithadvancedresearchdiscoverytoolsSearchthefulltextandcitationsofourmillionsofpapers.Downloadgroupsofrelatedpaperstojumpstartyourresearch.Setimewithdetailedsummariesandsearchalerts.AdvancedSearchPDFPackesof 37papersSummariesandSearchAlertsShareyourwork,trackyourimpact,andgrowyouraudienceGetnotifiedwhenotheracademicsmentionyouorciteyourpapers.Trackyourimpactwithin-depthanalyticsandnetworkwithmembersofyourfield.MentionsandCitationsTrackingAdvancedAnalyticsPublishingToolsRealstoriesfromrealpeopleResearcherAlisdairUniversityofHighlandsandIslands“Igothroughallthearticlesinthebulkdownload,setheonesthatareclearlygoingtobeusefulanddiscardtheremainder.ThissesloadsoftimebutalsopointsmeindirectionsImightnototherwisehethoughtoflooking.”ResearcherTrevorUniversityofSydney“ThebulkdownloadsgivemethechancetoreadmorerelatedarticlesaswellasseeingwhatresearchiscitingthearticleIamlookingat.Italsohelpsmerapidlyexpandmypersonaldigitallibraryofreferences.”ResearcherTrevorUniversityofSydney“ThebulkdownloadsgivemethechancetoreadmorerelatedarticlesaswellasseeingwhatresearchiscitingthearticleIamlookingat.ItalsohelpsmerapidlyexpandmyAkademien. edu - Share researchpersonaldigitallibraryofreferences.”ResearcherPaulElectricalEngineer“BulkdownloadprovidesmelimitlessopportunitiestoaccessbooksandresearchmaterialswhichIcannotordinarilyaccess.”ResearcherSteveClinicalPsychologist“ThevalueofBulkDownloadisinprovidingafairlycomprehensiveoverviewofalmostanytopicwithinAcademia.”ResearcherWojtekUniversityofBusinessandAdministrationinGdynia“BulkDownloadhelpsmegetpapersfromyoungerscholars.Italsosurfacesteachingtextsthatassistinthedevelopmentofmyownhand-outmaterialsformystudents.”Usedbyacademicsatover 15,000universitiesGetstartedandfindthebestqualityresearchSignUpAboutPressBlogPapersTopicsAcademia.eduJournals We'reHiring! HelpCenterFindnewresearchpapersin:PhysicsChemistryBiologyHealthSciencesEcologyEarthSciencesCognitiveScienceMathematicsComputerScienceTermsPrivacyAcademia©2024//AboutPressWe'reHiring!Helpif(window.performance&&window.performance.measure){window.performance.mark("FMP");window.performance.measure("TimeToFirstMeaningfulPaint","requestStart","FMP");window.sendUserTiming("TimeToFirstMeaningfulPaint");}functiononGoogleOneTapEvent(event){varmomentType=event.getMomentType();varmomentReason=null;if(event.isNotDisplayed()){momentReason=event.getNotDisplayedReason();}elseif(event.isSkippedMoment()){momentReason=event.getSkippedReason();}elseif(event.isDismissedMoment()){momentReason=event.getDismissedReason();}Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent',{moment_type:momentType,moment_reason:momentReason,});}document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){var$dismissible=$(".dismissible_banner");$dismissible.click(function(ev){$dismissible.hide();});});